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Back to Learn
KnowledgeLayer 4Process Control

Sequential Chaining

Your team runs a 12-step process. Each step depends on the one before it. Someone skips step 4, and nobody catches it until step 11 fails catastrophically.

Three hours of work undone. A frustrated team member. A deadline missed. All because there was no way to enforce that step 4 had to complete before step 5 could start.

Sequential chaining is not about making things slower. It is about making sure step 2 cannot run until step 1 actually finished correctly.

7 min read
intermediate
Relevant If You're
Processes that fail when steps happen out of order
Workflows where one mistake cascades through everything
Teams that spend hours redoing work that should have been caught early
Systems where "it depends on the previous result" is heard daily

Complex work requires dependencies. Sequential chaining makes dependencies explicit and enforced.

Where This Sits

Layer 4: Orchestration & Control

Sequential chaining is part of the Process Control category in Layer 4. This layer handles how multiple components work together, managing the flow of data and control between different parts of your system.

Why Layer 4? The lower layers handle individual capabilities: storing data, understanding content, parsing outputs. Sequential chaining connects those capabilities into workflows where the output of one becomes the input of another.

What It Is

The pattern that ensures Step B only happens after Step A succeeds

Sequential chaining connects multiple operations where each one depends on the previous result. The output of step 1 becomes the input of step 2. If step 1 fails or produces invalid output, step 2 never runs.

This is not about running things slowly. It is about running things correctly. Each step validates its input, does its work, and passes a clean result forward. The chain only continues if every link holds.

The power is not in the sequence. It is in the guarantee that nothing downstream happens until everything upstream is verified.

The Lego Block Principle

Sequential chaining is not specific to AI or automation. It is the fundamental pattern for any process where order matters and dependencies exist.

Dependency Enforcement:

Whenever step B requires the output of step A, you need a mechanism that prevents B from starting until A has successfully completed. This is the core of sequential chaining.

Where else this applies:

Manufacturing assembly - The engine cannot be installed until the frame is welded. The frame cannot be painted until the engine is installed. Each step gates the next.
Document processing - The document cannot be reviewed until it is drafted. It cannot be published until it is reviewed. Each stage requires sign-off before the next begins.
Data pipelines - The transformation cannot run until extraction completes. Loading cannot start until transformation validates. Each stage depends on the previous.
Onboarding workflows - Access cannot be granted until background check clears. Training cannot start until access is granted. Each step unlocks the next.
See It Work

Watch a Sequential Chain in Action

Click Run Chain to see how each step waits for the previous one to complete. If a step fails, the chain stops immediately.

Chain Steps

Step 1Extract Data

Pull information from source

Step 2Validate Format

Check data structure

Step 3Transform

Convert to target format

Step 4Enrich

Add additional context

Step 5Store

Save to destination

Output Log

Click "Run Chain" to see output...

How It Works

Three ways to implement sequential chains

Simple Pipelines

Chain functions where each returns what the next needs

Each step is a function that takes input and returns output. You compose them so the return value of one becomes the argument of the next. Clean, testable, and easy to understand.

Easy to test each step in isolation and reason about data flow
No built-in retry, error handling, or state persistence

Message Queues

Use queues to decouple and persist between steps

Each step reads from a queue, processes, and writes to the next queue. If a step fails, the message stays in the queue for retry. You get durability, but more infrastructure.

Survives crashes, handles backpressure, enables distributed processing
More complex setup and debugging across queue boundaries

Workflow Engines

Use dedicated orchestration tools for complex chains

Tools like Temporal, Step Functions, or Airflow manage the chain for you. They handle retries, timeouts, and state. You define the steps and dependencies, the engine runs them.

Built-in reliability, visibility, and complex branching logic
Learning curve and operational overhead of running the engine
Connection Explorer

How Sequential Chaining Connects to Other Components

Sequential chaining sits at the orchestration layer, taking outputs from earlier steps and feeding them to later ones. It depends on proper input/output handling and enables more complex orchestration patterns.

Hover over any component to see what it does and why it's neededTap any component to see what it does and why it's needed

Prompt Templating
Output Parsing
Sequential Chaining
You Are Here
Parallel Orchestration
Human-in-the-Loop
Reliable Workflows
Outcome
React Flow
Press enter or space to select a node. You can then use the arrow keys to move the node around. Press delete to remove it and escape to cancel.
Press enter or space to select an edge. You can then press delete to remove it or escape to cancel.
Intelligence
Governance
Outcome

Animated lines show direct connections . Hover for detailsTap for details . Click to learn more

Upstream (Requires)

Prompt TemplatingOutput Parsing

Downstream (Enables)

Parallel OrchestrationHuman-in-the-LoopError Handling
Common Mistakes

What breaks when sequential chaining goes wrong

Assuming Success Without Verification

Step 1 runs. You move to step 2. But step 1 actually failed silently or returned partial data. Step 2 runs on garbage, produces garbage, and you only discover it at step 7.

Instead: Every step must validate its input before processing and validate its output before passing forward. Failed validation stops the chain immediately.

No Way to Resume After Failure

Step 4 of 8 fails. You fix the issue. But now you have to start from step 1 again because there is no record of what completed and what the intermediate results were.

Instead: Persist state after each successful step. When resuming, check what already succeeded and continue from there instead of restarting.

Hiding the Chain From Users

Someone submits a request. Nothing happens for 20 minutes. They submit again. Now you have duplicate requests in different stages. Nobody knows what is happening.

Instead: Expose the chain status: which step is running, what completed, what is waiting. Give users visibility so they know their request is progressing.

What's Next

Now that you understand sequential chaining

You have learned how to connect steps so each depends on the previous. The natural next step is understanding how to run steps in parallel when they do not depend on each other.

Recommended Next

Parallel Orchestration

Run independent steps simultaneously to reduce total processing time

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