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KnowledgeLayer 1Entity & Identity

Master Data Management

You have customer records in Salesforce, billing records in Stripe, and support tickets in Zendesk.

Marketing asks 'how many active customers do we have?' Sales says 2,400. Finance says 2,100. Support says 2,650.

Everyone's right according to their system. And everyone's wrong.

There should be exactly one answer. That requires a single source of truth.

9 min read
intermediate
Relevant If You're
Managing customer, product, or vendor data across multiple systems
Needing consistent reporting across departments
Avoiding the "whose number is right?" debates

CRITICAL - Without master data, every system invents its own truth. Chaos follows.

Where This Sits

Category 1.3: Entity & Identity

1
Layer 1

Data Infrastructure

Entity ResolutionRecord Matching/MergingDeduplicationMaster Data ManagementRelationship Mapping
Explore all of Layer 1
What It Is

One authoritative record per entity, everywhere it matters

Master Data Management (MDM) establishes a single, authoritative source for your core business entities. When you say 'customer 47', every system in your organization references the same record with the same attributes. No more three versions of the same customer in three systems.

It's not just about storage. It's about governance. Who can create a new customer record? Who can update an address? What happens when two systems disagree? MDM answers these questions with rules, not arguments.

MDM doesn't eliminate copies of data - it establishes which copy is the "golden record" that all other systems must sync to.

The Lego Block Principle

Master Data Management solves a universal problem: how do you maintain one authoritative definition of an entity when multiple systems need their own copy?

The core pattern:

Designate one system as the master for each entity type. All other systems read from it and sync changes back through controlled channels. The master has final say on conflicts.

Where else this applies:

Version control - Main branch is the "master" that all feature branches sync to.
DNS - Authoritative nameservers are the single source of truth for domain records.
Caching - Database is master; cache is a derived copy that must be invalidated.
Distributed systems - Leader node holds the canonical state, replicas follow.
Interactive: Build a Golden Record

Choose which system wins for each field

Three systems have different values for the same customer. Use survivorship rules to decide what goes into the golden record.

Salesforce2024-12-28
Name: Acme Corporation
Email: sales@acme.com
Phone: (555) 123-4567
Address: 123 Main St, Suite 400
Stripe2024-12-29
Name: ACME Corp
Email: billing@acme.com
Phone: 555-123-4567
Address: 123 Main Street
Zendesk2024-12-30
Name: Acme Corp.
Email: support@acme.com
Phone: (555) 123-4567 x100
Address: 123 Main St, Ste 400, New York, NY
Survivorship Rules
Golden Record

The single source of truth

nameSalesforce

Acme Corporation

emailZendesk (newest)

support@acme.com

phoneZendesk (longest)

(555) 123-4567 x100

addressZendesk

123 Main St, Ste 400, New York, NY

Try it: Change the survivorship rules above. Watch how the golden record changes. Notice how "Most Complete" picks the longest value (Zendesk's full address), while "Most Recent" picks the newest update.
How It Works

Three pillars that make master data work

Golden Record Creation

One record to rule them all

When duplicates are found across systems, MDM merges them into a single "golden record" using survivorship rules. Which system has the most accurate email? Which has the latest address? Rules determine what makes it into the master.

Pro: Consistent, high-quality data across the organization
Con: Requires defining and maintaining survivorship rules

Bi-directional Sync

Keep systems in harmony

The master record syncs out to all consuming systems. Changes in downstream systems route back through controlled channels. If Salesforce updates an address, that change goes to the MDM hub, which then propagates it everywhere else.

Pro: All systems stay current without manual updates
Con: Sync conflicts need resolution strategies

Data Stewardship

Humans in the loop

Not everything can be automated. Data stewards review uncertain matches, approve merges, and handle exceptions. When the system finds 'J. Smith' and 'John Smith' with different phone numbers, a human decides if they're the same person.

Pro: Catches edge cases automation misses
Con: Creates a review queue that needs staffing
Connection Explorer

"How many customers do we have? And what's their total value?"

Marketing says 2,400. Sales says 2,100. Finance says 2,650. They're all counting different things in different systems. This flow creates one authoritative answer: 2,247 unique customers with $4.2M total lifetime value.

Hover over any component to see what it does and why it's neededTap any component to see what it does and why it's needed

Relational DB
Master Data
You Are Here
Entity Resolution
Deduplication
Data Mapping
Enrichment
Executive Dashboard
Outcome
React Flow
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Foundation
Data Infrastructure
Intelligence
Outcome

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Upstream (Requires)

Entity ResolutionDeduplicationDatabases (Relational)

Downstream (Enables)

Data MappingEnrichmentRelationship Mapping
Common Mistakes

What breaks when master data goes wrong

Don't designate a master without enforcement

You declare Salesforce the 'master' for customers, but let people create customers directly in Stripe and Zendesk anyway. Now you have three sources of truth again, just with extra steps.

Instead: Enforce that new entities can only be created in the master. Downstream systems must reference, not duplicate.

Don't skip the governance conversation

You build the technical sync, but never establish who owns the data. When conflicts arise, there's no process. Updates get stuck in limbo. Different departments make conflicting changes.

Instead: Define data owners and stewards before building the pipes. Technology without governance is just faster chaos.

Don't try to master everything at once

You attempt to create golden records for customers, products, vendors, locations, and employees simultaneously. The project takes two years. By the time you ship, requirements have changed.

Instead: Start with one entity type - usually customers. Get it right, prove value, then expand.

What's Next

Now that you understand master data management

You've learned how to establish single sources of truth for your core entities. The natural next step is understanding how to map relationships between these mastered entities.

Recommended Next

Relationship Mapping

Discovering and tracking connections between entities across systems

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