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KnowledgeLayer 1Input & Capture

OCR/Document Parsing

Someone emails you a scanned invoice. You open the PDF, squint at the numbers, and type them into your system.

Then another invoice arrives. And another. By the end of the day, you've manually entered 47 invoices.

Tomorrow, you'll do it again. Your fingers hurt and you've already found three typos.

Machines can read documents faster than you can open them.

10 min read
intermediate
Relevant If You're
Processing invoices, receipts, or financial documents
Digitizing paper records or scanned contracts
Extracting data from PDFs that arrived as images

LAYER 1 - OCR turns images into data your systems can actually use.

Where This Sits

Category 1.1: Input & Capture

1
Layer 1

Data Infrastructure

Triggers (Event-based)Triggers (Time-based)Triggers (Condition-based)Listeners/WatchersIngestion PatternsOCR/Document ParsingEmail ParsingWeb Scraping
Explore all of Layer 1
What It Is

Software that reads documents the way humans do, but faster

OCR (Optical Character Recognition) looks at an image of text and figures out what the letters are. Document parsing goes further: it understands the structure. This isn't just a blob of text - it's an invoice with a vendor name at the top, line items in the middle, and a total at the bottom.

Modern document parsing combines OCR with layout analysis and sometimes AI. It knows that the number next to 'Total:' is different from the number next to 'Quantity.' It can handle tables, handwriting, stamps, and signatures. It can read a crumpled receipt or a 50-page contract.

The goal isn't just extracting text. It's extracting structured data: vendor name goes in this field, amount goes in that field, date goes here. That's what makes automation possible.

The Lego Block Principle

Document parsing solves a universal problem: how do you get structured data out of unstructured visual information?

The core pattern:

Take an image or PDF. Identify regions of interest (where's the header? where's the table?). Extract text from each region. Map extracted values to a schema. Validate the results. This pattern works whether you're parsing invoices, ID cards, medical forms, or shipping labels.

Where else this applies:

Invoice processing - Extract vendor, amount, date, line items automatically.
Contract review - Pull out parties, terms, dates, obligations.
ID verification - Read name, DOB, ID number from driver's licenses or passports.
Form digitization - Convert paper forms into database records.
Interactive: Parse Different Documents

See how document quality affects extraction accuracy

Click each document to see what OCR extracts. Watch how quality impacts confidence and errors.

Select a document above to see OCR extraction results

Try it: Click each document type above to see how input quality affects OCR accuracy. Watch the confidence scores and error counts change.
How It Works

Three layers of document intelligence

Basic OCR

Turn images into raw text

Scans the image pixel by pixel, identifies letter shapes, and outputs a string of text. Works great for clean, typed documents. Struggles with handwriting, poor scans, or unusual fonts. You get text, but you don't know what any of it means.

Pro: Fast, cheap, works on most typed text
Con: No structure understanding, sensitive to image quality

Layout Analysis

Understand document structure

Goes beyond raw text to understand the visual layout. Identifies headers, paragraphs, tables, and their relationships. Knows that text in the top-right is probably a date and that rows of aligned numbers are probably a table. Outputs structured regions, not just text.

Pro: Preserves document structure, handles tables
Con: More complex, needs document-specific tuning

AI-Powered Extraction

Semantic understanding of content

Uses machine learning to understand what the document means. Knows that 'Net 30' is a payment term, that '$1,234.56' next to 'Amount Due' is what you owe, and that 'John Smith' at the bottom is probably a signature. Can handle variations in format and layout.

Pro: Handles format variations, extracts meaning
Con: Requires training data, higher cost per document
Connection Explorer

"Invoice PDF → Accounting system entry in 8 seconds, not 8 minutes"

A vendor sends an invoice as a PDF attachment. Without document parsing, someone opens it, reads every field, and types it into the accounting system. With this flow, the PDF is automatically parsed, validated against PO data, and entered - with a human review only when something looks wrong.

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File Storage
Relational DB
Listeners/Watchers
OCR/Document Parsing
You Are Here
Data Mapping
Validation
Entity Resolution
Classification
Accounting Entry
Outcome
React Flow
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Foundation
Data Infrastructure
Intelligence
Understanding
Outcome

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Upstream (Requires)

File StorageListeners/Watchers

Downstream (Enables)

Data MappingEntity ResolutionValidation
Common Mistakes

What breaks when document parsing goes wrong

Don't assume clean input

You built your parser on crisp, high-resolution test PDFs. Then production hits and you're getting faxed documents, photos of crumpled receipts, and scans made on a copier from 1997. Your accuracy drops from 95% to 60%.

Instead: Test with your ugliest real documents. Add preprocessing (deskewing, contrast enhancement). Build in confidence scores and human review for low-quality inputs.

Don't skip validation

The OCR extracted '$12,345.67' but it was actually '$123,456.70' - the decimal was a speck of dust. You processed the invoice, paid the wrong amount, and now you're explaining to finance why you're off by $111,111.

Instead: Cross-validate extracted values. Does the total match the sum of line items? Is the date reasonable? Flag anomalies for human review.

Don't ignore document types

You trained your parser on invoices and it works great. Then someone uploads a purchase order and it extracts garbage because the layout is completely different. Same fields, different positions, total confusion.

Instead: Classify documents before parsing. Use different extraction rules for different document types. Handle unknown types gracefully.

What's Next

Now that you understand document parsing

You've learned how to extract structured data from unstructured documents. The natural next step is understanding how to map that extracted data into your systems.

Recommended Next

Data Mapping

Transform extracted data into the format your systems need

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