OperionOperion
Philosophy
Core Principles
The Rare Middle
Beyond the binary
Foundations First
Infrastructure before automation
Compound Value
Systems that multiply
Build Around
Design for your constraints
The System
Modular Architecture
Swap any piece
Pairing KPIs
Measure what matters
Extraction
Capture without adding work
Total Ownership
You own everything
Systems
Knowledge Systems
What your organization knows
Data Systems
How information flows
Decision Systems
How choices get made
Process Systems
How work gets done
Learn
Foundation & Core
Layer 0
Foundation & Security
Security, config, and infrastructure
Layer 1
Data Infrastructure
Storage, pipelines, and ETL
Layer 2
Intelligence Infrastructure
Models, RAG, and prompts
Layer 3
Understanding & Analysis
Classification and scoring
Control & Optimization
Layer 4
Orchestration & Control
Routing, state, and workflow
Layer 5
Quality & Reliability
Testing, eval, and observability
Layer 6
Human Interface
HITL, approvals, and delivery
Layer 7
Optimization & Learning
Feedback loops and fine-tuning
Services
AI Assistants
Your expertise, always available
Intelligent Workflows
Automation with judgment
Data Infrastructure
Make your data actually usable
Process
Setup Phase
Research
We learn your business first
Discovery
A conversation, not a pitch
Audit
Capture reasoning, not just requirements
Proposal
Scope and investment, clearly defined
Execution Phase
Initiation
Everything locks before work begins
Fulfillment
We execute, you receive
Handoff
True ownership, not vendor dependency
About
OperionOperion

Building the nervous systems for the next generation of enterprise giants.

Systems

  • Knowledge Systems
  • Data Systems
  • Decision Systems
  • Process Systems

Services

  • AI Assistants
  • Intelligent Workflows
  • Data Infrastructure

Company

  • Philosophy
  • Our Process
  • About Us
  • Contact
© 2026 Operion Inc. All rights reserved.
PrivacyTermsCookiesDisclaimer
Back to Learn
KnowledgeLayer 1Input & Capture

Web Scraping

You need competitor prices. Every morning, you open 15 browser tabs, scroll through product pages, and copy numbers into a spreadsheet.

By the time you're done, the first prices have already changed. You're always behind.

Meanwhile, your competitor updates their prices in real-time. They're not doing it by hand.

Websites are databases with a user interface on top. You can skip the interface.

10 min read
intermediate
Relevant If You're
Tracking competitor pricing or inventory
Aggregating data from multiple sources without APIs
Monitoring job postings, real estate listings, or news

LAYER 1 - Web scraping turns public websites into structured data feeds.

Where This Sits

Category 1.1: Input & Capture

1
Layer 1

Data Infrastructure

Triggers (Event-based)Triggers (Time-based)Triggers (Condition-based)Listeners/WatchersIngestion PatternsOCR/Document ParsingEmail ParsingWeb Scraping
Explore all of Layer 1
What It Is

Automated reading of websites, extracting the data you need

Web scraping is programmatically fetching web pages and extracting specific data from the HTML. Instead of a human clicking, scrolling, and copying, a script does it - faster, more consistently, and at any scale.

Modern web scraping handles dynamic content (JavaScript-rendered pages), pagination (clicking through 847 pages of results), and rate limiting (not getting blocked). It navigates login walls, handles CAPTCHAs, and adapts when page layouts change.

The goal isn't downloading web pages. It's turning unstructured HTML into structured data: product name, price, SKU, availability - ready to use in your systems.

The Lego Block Principle

Web scraping solves a universal problem: how do you get structured data from websites that don't offer an API?

The core pattern:

Request a URL. Parse the HTML response. Select the elements containing your data (using CSS selectors or XPath). Extract the text or attributes. Handle pagination and multiple pages. Store the structured results. This pattern works whether you're scraping prices, job postings, or real estate listings.

Where else this applies:

Price monitoring - Extract product prices daily to track competitor pricing.
Lead generation - Pull contact info from business directories.
Market research - Aggregate listings from real estate or job sites.
Content aggregation - Collect news articles or reviews from multiple sources.
Interactive: Try Different Approaches

See why the right approach matters

Pick a website type, choose your scraping approach, and watch what happens. Hint: scrape too fast and you'll get blocked.

1. Select target website type:

Try it: Select a site type above, choose your approach, and watch what happens. Try scraping fast on the protected site - see how quickly you get blocked.
How It Works

Three approaches to web scraping

Static HTML Scraping

Fast and simple for basic sites

Fetches the raw HTML and parses it directly. Works great for sites where all the data is in the initial page load. Fast and lightweight. Breaks when content is loaded dynamically via JavaScript after the page loads.

Pro: Fast, low resource usage, easy to implement
Con: Misses JavaScript-rendered content

Headless Browser

Full browser without the window

Runs a real browser (Chrome, Firefox) without a visible interface. Executes JavaScript, waits for content to load, handles clicks and scrolls. Sees exactly what a human would see. Slower and more resource-intensive.

Pro: Handles dynamic content, interacts like a user
Con: Slower, higher memory usage, more complex

API Reverse Engineering

Go straight to the data source

Many websites load data from internal APIs. Instead of scraping the HTML, you can often find these API endpoints and call them directly. Returns clean JSON instead of messy HTML. Faster and more reliable when it works.

Pro: Clean data, fastest approach, most reliable
Con: Requires investigation, APIs may change
Connection Explorer

"Competitor changes prices -> you know in 2 hours, not 2 weeks"

Your competitor updates their website prices. Without web scraping, you find out when a sales rep mentions it or a customer complains. With this flow, prices are scraped daily, compared against your pricing, and alerts fire when gaps appear - so you can respond before losing deals.

Hover over any component to see what it does and why it's neededTap any component to see what it does and why it's needed

Time Triggers
Rate Limiting
Relational DB
Web Scraping
You Are Here
Data Mapping
Validation
Entity Resolution
Anomaly Detection
Pricing Alert
Outcome
React Flow
Press enter or space to select a node. You can then use the arrow keys to move the node around. Press delete to remove it and escape to cancel.
Press enter or space to select an edge. You can then press delete to remove it or escape to cancel.
Foundation
Data Infrastructure
Intelligence
Understanding
Outcome

Animated lines show direct connections · Hover for detailsTap for details · Click to learn more

Upstream (Requires)

Triggers (Time-based)Rate Limiting

Downstream (Enables)

Data MappingValidationEntity Resolution
Common Mistakes

What breaks when web scraping goes wrong

Don't ignore rate limiting

You set your scraper to maximum speed and hammered the site with 100 requests per second. The site blocked your IP. Now you can't access it at all, and you're explaining to IT why the office internet is on a blacklist.

Instead: Add delays between requests. Rotate IPs if needed. Respect robots.txt. Scrape during off-peak hours. Act like a polite visitor, not a DDoS attack.

Don't assume stable selectors

Your scraper worked perfectly for three months. Then the website redesigned, changed their CSS classes from 'product-price' to 'pdp__price-amount', and your scraper started returning empty data. You didn't notice for two weeks.

Instead: Monitor for extraction failures. Use multiple selector strategies. Build alerts for unusual patterns (zero results, schema changes). Test against the live site regularly.

Don't scrape what you could get via API

You built an elaborate scraper for a website, dealing with pagination, JavaScript rendering, and rate limits. Then you discovered they have a free public API that returns the exact data you need in clean JSON.

Instead: Always check for APIs first. Look in browser dev tools for XHR requests. Check for developer documentation. An API is almost always more reliable than scraping.

What's Next

Now that you understand web scraping

You've learned how to extract data from websites. The natural next step is understanding how to clean, transform, and map that extracted data into your systems.

Recommended Next

Data Mapping

Transform scraped data into the format your systems need

Back to Learning Hub