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KnowledgeLayer 4State & Memory

Session Memory: When Every Step Forgets What Came Before

Session memory maintains context and data across multiple steps within a single user session or workflow execution. It stores relevant information from earlier steps so later steps can access it without redundant lookups. For businesses, this means workflows that build on previous actions rather than starting fresh each time. Without it, every step operates in isolation, requiring users to repeat information.

The customer fills out the first three steps of your support request form.

When they click Next, step four asks them to enter their email again.

Every step starts over. Every step forgets what came before.

Without session memory, every step is a first step.

7 min read
intermediate
Relevant If You're
Multi-step workflows that build on previous inputs
AI assistants that need context from earlier in the conversation
Approval processes where context must travel with the request

ORCHESTRATION LAYER - Connects the dots between workflow steps.

Where This Sits

Where Session Memory Fits

4
Layer 4

Orchestration & Control

State ManagementSession MemoryConversation MemoryCachingLifecycle Management
Explore all of Layer 4
What It Is

What Session Memory Actually Does

Giving workflows a short-term memory

Session memory stores information from earlier steps so later steps can access it without asking again. When someone starts a multi-step process, session memory captures their inputs, preferences, and decisions. Each subsequent step can reference this context instead of starting from scratch.

The scope is deliberately limited. Session memory lasts for one workflow execution or user interaction. When the session ends, the memory clears. This keeps the system focused on the current task without accumulating irrelevant historical data.

The power of session memory is what it prevents: the frustration of repeating yourself, the errors from missing context, the delays from redundant lookups. It makes workflows feel continuous instead of fragmented.

The Lego Block Principle

Session memory solves a universal problem: how do you carry context forward through a multi-step process? The same pattern appears anywhere one action needs to know about the actions that preceded it.

The core pattern:

Capture relevant data when it first appears. Store it in a session-scoped container. Make it available to all subsequent steps. Clean up when the session ends.

Where else this applies:

Onboarding workflows - New hire information collected in step 1 automatically populates steps 3, 5, and 7
Multi-step approvals - The original request details travel with the approval through every approval tier
AI conversation assistants - Earlier questions and answers inform how the AI responds to follow-up questions
Report generation - Filter selections made at the start persist through preview, export, and delivery steps
Interactive: Session Memory in Action

Watch context accumulate or vanish

Navigate through a 4-step expense workflow. Toggle session memory to see what happens to previous inputs.

Session Memory
Toggle to see what changes at each step
Navigate workflow steps:
1
Current Step
1
Data Available
0
Re-entry Needed
Session contains: 1 field
Step 1: Trip Details
Purpose: Austin conference (March 12-14)
Available
Step 2: Receipts
Files: 6 receipts uploaded
Pending
Step 3: Categories
Breakdown: Travel $423, Meals $198, Lodging $226
Pending
Step 4: Submit
Total: $847.23 for approval
Pending
Context accumulates: Step 1 has access to 1 field from previous steps. Each step builds on what came before instead of starting over.
How It Works

Three approaches to maintaining session context

Client-Side Storage

Keep it in the browser

Store session data in browser cookies, localStorage, or sessionStorage. The client sends relevant context with each request. Works well for simple workflows with small data payloads.

Pro: No server infrastructure needed, instant access, survives page refreshes
Con: Limited storage size, security concerns with sensitive data, lost if user clears browser

Server-Side Sessions

Store it on your servers

Assign a session ID and store all session data server-side. The client only holds the session ID. Each request fetches the full context from your session store (Redis, database, memory).

Pro: Handles large data, better security, centralized control over expiration
Con: Requires server infrastructure, adds latency for lookups, needs session store management

Workflow State Objects

Pass it through the workflow

Each workflow step receives a state object, adds its contribution, and passes the updated state to the next step. The state travels with the execution rather than being stored separately.

Pro: Self-contained, no external dependencies, natural for pipeline architectures
Con: Can grow large in complex workflows, harder to debug mid-execution, no recovery if step fails

Which Session Memory Approach Should You Use?

Answer a few questions to get a recommendation tailored to your situation.

Does your session contain sensitive data (payments, PII)?

Connection Explorer

"Submit expense report with multiple receipts"

A team member starts an expense submission workflow. Employee info from step 1, receipts from step 2, and categories from step 3 all need to reach the final submission. Session memory carries this context forward so the approval step has complete information.

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Database
State Management
Session Memory
You Are Here
Sequential Chaining
Context Assembly
Complete Submission
Outcome
React Flow
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Press enter or space to select an edge. You can then press delete to remove it or escape to cancel.
Foundation
Intelligence
Outcome

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Upstream (Requires)

Databases (Relational)CachingState Management

Downstream (Enables)

Conversation MemorySequential ChainingDynamic Context Assembly
See It In Action

Same Pattern, Different Contexts

This component works the same way across every business. Explore how it applies to different situations.

Notice how the core pattern remains consistent while the specific details change

Common Mistakes

What breaks when session memory goes wrong

Storing everything forever

You add every piece of data to the session without thinking about what is actually needed. After a few steps, the session object is 50KB and lookups are slow. After a few months, you have millions of never-expiring sessions consuming storage.

Instead: Store only what downstream steps need. Set explicit expiration times. Clean up sessions when workflows complete.

Treating session memory like a database

The session becomes the primary storage for important data. When the session expires or the server restarts, customer data vanishes. "We had their payment info but the session cleared before we processed it."

Instead: Session memory is temporary. Anything that matters beyond the current interaction belongs in a database. Session memory should reference persistent IDs, not duplicate persistent data.

No session memory at all

Each step in the workflow operates independently. Step 4 asks for information that was already provided in step 1. The AI assistant asks "What is your name?" three times in the same conversation.

Instead: Identify which data needs to flow between steps. Implement even basic session storage (cookies, simple server session) to eliminate redundant inputs.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common Questions

What is session memory in AI and automation?

Session memory is a mechanism that preserves context and data across multiple steps within a single session. When a user starts a workflow or conversation, session memory stores information from each interaction so subsequent steps can access it. This allows systems to build on previous actions rather than treating each step as a completely new request with no history.

How does session memory differ from conversation memory?

Session memory is scoped to a single workflow execution or user session, typically lasting minutes to hours. Conversation memory spans multiple sessions over days or weeks, preserving long-term context about a user. Session memory handles immediate context like form data and preferences for the current task. Conversation memory handles relationship history and learned preferences over time.

When should I implement session memory?

Implement session memory when your workflows have multiple steps that need to reference earlier inputs or decisions. Common scenarios include multi-step forms where later fields depend on earlier answers, approval workflows where context from the request must travel with the approval, and AI assistants that need to remember what was discussed earlier in the same conversation.

What are common session memory mistakes?

The most common mistake is storing too much in session memory, bloating storage and slowing retrieval. Another is failing to expire sessions, leaving stale data that consumes resources. Some teams confuse session memory with persistent storage, losing data when sessions end. Others skip session memory entirely, forcing users to repeat information at every step.

How long should session memory persist?

Session memory should persist only as long as the workflow or interaction requires. For web forms, 30 minutes of inactivity is typical before expiration. For complex workflows, sessions might last hours but should still expire. The key is matching session lifetime to actual usage patterns while avoiding indefinite persistence that wastes resources.

What should I store in session memory vs a database?

Store temporary, session-specific data in session memory: current form values, workflow state, user preferences for this interaction. Store permanent, cross-session data in a database: user accounts, completed transactions, audit logs. If you need the data after the session ends, it belongs in a database. If it is only relevant during the current interaction, use session memory.

Have a different question? Let's talk

Getting Started

Where Should You Begin?

Choose the path that matches your current situation

Starting from zero

You have no session memory and each step operates independently

Your first action

Add browser sessionStorage for a quick win. Store form data as users progress and retrieve it in later steps.

Have the basics

You have some session handling but it is inconsistent or limited

Your first action

Standardize on a session library or service. Define what belongs in session vs database. Add expiration policies.

Ready to optimize

Sessions work but you want better performance or capabilities

Your first action

Profile session access patterns. Consider Redis for speed. Implement tiered storage for large contexts.
What's Next

Now that you understand session memory

You have learned how to maintain context across workflow steps. The natural next step is understanding how to extend this pattern for longer-term memory across multiple sessions.

Recommended Next

Conversation Memory

Preserving context across multiple sessions over time

State ManagementSequential Chaining
Explore Layer 4Learning Hub
Last updated: January 2, 2026
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