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KnowledgeLayer 2Context Engineering

Memory Architectures

Your AI assistant answered the same question perfectly yesterday.

Today, same question, it starts from scratch. No memory of the previous conversation.

You explain your preferences again. Your context again. Your history again.

Every conversation feels like talking to someone with amnesia.

The AI is not broken. It was never designed to remember. Memory is something you have to build.

9 min read
intermediate
Relevant If You're
Building AI assistants that remember user preferences
Creating systems that learn from past interactions
Maintaining context across multiple sessions

INTERMEDIATE - Builds on vector databases and context management. Enables persistent AI behavior.

Where This Sits

Category 2.4: Context Engineering

2
Layer 2

Intelligence Infrastructure

Context CompressionContext Window ManagementDynamic Context AssemblyMemory ArchitecturesToken Budgeting
Explore all of Layer 2
What It Is

A system for deciding what the AI should remember, for how long, and when to recall it

AI models have no memory by default. Each request starts fresh. Memory architectures are the patterns you implement to give AI the illusion of continuity: what happened before, what matters now, and what to bring back when relevant.

Think of it as building a filing system for your AI. Working memory holds the current task. Short-term memory keeps the recent conversation. Long-term memory stores important facts that persist across sessions. The architecture determines what goes where and when to retrieve it.

The choice is not whether to add memory, but which type. Working memory for the task at hand. Episodic memory for past interactions. Semantic memory for learned facts. Most systems need all three working together.

The Lego Block Principle

Every system that needs continuity requires memory layers. Without them, you repeat yourself, lose context, and start over constantly. The pattern is universal: recent stuff stays accessible, important stuff gets stored, and everything else can be retrieved when needed.

The core pattern:

Separate what is immediately relevant (working memory), what happened recently (short-term), and what matters long-term (persistent). Route information to the right layer based on importance and recency.

Where else this applies:

Onboarding - New hire sees their progress (working), recent training sessions (short-term), and role requirements (long-term).
Support tickets - Current issue (working), recent tickets from this person (short-term), their full history (long-term retrieval).
Project context - Active task (working), recent decisions (short-term), project documentation (long-term storage).
Team communication - Current thread (working), today's messages (short-term), searchable archive (long-term).
Interactive: Watch Memory Layers in Action

Simulating a support conversation with memory

Click "Send Next Message" to step through the conversation. Watch how different types of information get routed to different memory layers.

Conversation
0/4 messages

Click below to start the conversation

Working MemoryCurrent task

Empty - awaiting task

Short-Term MemoryRecent context

Empty - no recent context

Long-Term MemoryPersistent

Empty - no learned facts yet

Try it: Click "Send Next Message" to watch how a support conversation routes information to different memory layers based on its importance and lifespan.
How It Works

Three memory types that work together

Working Memory

What the AI is thinking about right now

The current conversation, the current task, the current context. Lives in the prompt itself. Limited by the context window. Resets between sessions. Fast but temporary.

Pro: Immediate access, no retrieval latency
Con: Limited size, lost when session ends

Short-Term Memory

Recent interactions worth keeping briefly

The last few conversations, recent preferences, recent corrections. Stored in a database with timestamps. Retrieved when the same user returns. Summarized or trimmed over time.

Pro: Continuity across sessions, personalization
Con: Needs cleanup strategy, can grow quickly

Long-Term Memory

Persistent facts that matter indefinitely

User preferences, learned facts, important context that should never be forgotten. Stored in vector databases for semantic retrieval. Retrieved when relevant to the current query.

Pro: Scales infinitely, semantic search
Con: Retrieval latency, requires embedding
Connection Explorer

"Remember my preferences and our past conversations"

A user returns to your support assistant after a week. Without memory, the AI asks for their name again, their preferences again, their issue history again. With memory architecture, the AI greets them by name, applies their communication preferences, and recalls their open issues.

Hover over any component to see what it does and why it's neededTap any component to see what it does and why it's needed

Vector DB
Embeddings
Context Window
Memory Architecture
You Are Here
Context Assembly
AI Response
Personalized Experience
Outcome
React Flow
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Press enter or space to select an edge. You can then press delete to remove it or escape to cancel.
Foundation
Data Infrastructure
Intelligence
Understanding
Outcome

Animated lines show direct connections | Hover for detailsTap for details | Click to learn more

Upstream (Requires)

Context Window ManagementVector DatabasesEmbedding Generation

Downstream (Enables)

Conversation MemorySession MemoryDynamic Context Assembly
Common Mistakes

What breaks when memory is poorly designed

Don't put everything in working memory

You crammed the entire user history into every prompt. Context window exploded. Costs tripled. The AI got confused by irrelevant old information and gave worse answers.

Instead: Keep working memory minimal. Move history to short-term storage. Retrieve only what is relevant to the current query.

Don't treat all memories as equal

"User prefers dark mode" and "User asked about pricing once" got the same storage priority. Now your retrieval returns trivia instead of preferences. The AI forgot what actually matters.

Instead: Score memories by importance. Preferences and corrections are high-value. One-off questions are low-value. Retrieve high-value first.

Don't skip the forgetting mechanism

Memory kept growing forever. After 6 months, retrieval returned outdated information. User changed their preferences but the AI kept recalling the old ones.

Instead: Implement decay or versioning. Newer memories override older ones. Set TTL for ephemeral data. Version preferences so updates replace old values.

What's Next

Now that you understand memory architectures

You've learned how to give AI persistence across sessions. The natural next step is understanding how to compress and manage what goes into the context window.

Recommended Next

Context Compression

How to fit more relevant information into limited context windows

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